Dobrica Pavlinušić's random unstructured stuff
Virtualization workshop: Revision 42
Materijali za "Virtualizacija na Linuxu -- jednostavan izbor zar ne?"<http://www.hroug.hr/hr/hroug_konferencija/u_pripremi/hroug2008_rovinj/predavanja_radionice_demogroundi/radionice/virtualizacija_na_linuxu_jednostavan_izbor_zar_ne>

{toc: }

* "Virtualisation in Debian - Present and future"<https://penta.debconf.org/dc8_schedule/events/275.en.html> - DebConf 2008

^ Hardware

{include: [Disk performance]}

^^ CPU

Support for hardware virtualization:

.pre
egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
.pre

| | *vmx/svm* | no vmx/svn |
| *USB* | kvm | qemu+kqemu |
| no USB | VirtualBox | |

How much CPU do I use? :-)

.pre
dpavlin@brr:~$ cpufreq-info
cpufrequtils 004: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2006
Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@lists.linux.org.uk, please.
analyzing CPU 0:
driver: acpi-cpufreq
CPUs which need to switch frequency at the same time: 0
hardware limits: 2.40 GHz - 3.20 GHz
available frequency steps: 3.20 GHz, 2.80 GHz, 2.40 GHz
available cpufreq governors: userspace, powersave, ondemand, conservative, performance
current policy: frequency should be within 2.40 GHz and 3.20 GHz.
The governor "ondemand" may decide which speed to use
within this range.
current CPU frequency is 2.40 GHz.
cpufreq stats: 3.20 GHz:1.80%, 2.80 GHz:0.00%, 2.40 GHz:98.20% (17)
.pre

^ KVM

{include: [KVM]}

^ QEMU

{include: [QEMU]}

^ VirtualBox

Seems to be best supported right now (package in Debian, optional drivers for Windows, starting unmodified VMWare machines -- after you guess right settings that is!)

* "Windows ACPI problem"<http://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/995> - `agp440.sys` problem
* "How to migrate existing Windows installations to VirtualBox"<http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Migrate_Windows> - it's applicable to other emulators as well!

OSE version (no USB!) comes in Debian, compile `vboxdrv` with:

.pre
root@llin:~# module-assistant a-i virtualbox-ose
.pre

^ OpenVZ

^^ disk speed

.pre
dpavlin@zut:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/cciss/c1d0 /dev/sda

/dev/cciss/c1d0:
Timing cached reads: 2184 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1092.39 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 324 MB in 3.02 seconds = 107.40 MB/sec

/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 2144 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1071.89 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 136 MB in 3.02 seconds = 45.02 MB/sec
.pre

Insert joke about "enterprise storage"<http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=enterprise+storage>

^^ Add disk space to VE

First, resize logical volume:

.pre
root@koha-hw:~# vgextend -L +80G /dev/vg/vz
vgextend: invalid option -- L
Error during parsing of command line.

root@koha-hw:~# lvextend -L +80G /dev/vg/vz
Extending logical volume vz to 100.00 GB
Logical volume vz successfully resized

root@koha-hw:~# resize2fs /dev/vg/vz
resize2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/vg/vz is mounted on /vz; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 7
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg/vz to 26214400 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg/vz is now 26214400 blocks long.

root@koha-hw:~# df -h /vz/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg-vz 99G 20G 79G 21% /vz
.pre

Then, take a look how much space does VEs take:

.pre
root@koha-hw:~# vzlist -o veid,diskspace,diskspace.s,diskspace.h,diskinodes,diskinodes.s,diskspace.h
VEID DQBLOCKS DQBLOCKS.S DQBLOCKS.H DQINODES DQINODES.S DQBLOCKS.H
212052 11717220 15728640 20971520 61001 286527 20971520
212226 6407804 10485760 12582912 69011 435472 12582912
.pre

alternativly, you can also execute df inside VEs:

.pre
root@koha-hw:~# vzlist -o veid -H | xargs -i sh -c "echo --{}-- ; vzctl exec {} df -h"
--212052--
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
simfs 15G 12G 3.9G 75% /
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
--212226--
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
simfs 10G 6.2G 3.9G 62% /
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
.pre

next, we will set diskpace on both VEs (becase we want them to share all available resources) to new logical volume size:

.pre
root@koha-hw:~# vzlist -o veid -H | xargs -i vzctl set {} --diskspace 100G:100G --save
Saved parameters for VE 212052
Saved parameters for VE 212226
.pre

This VEs are not in production, and one is development version of another. When we move to production, we want to enforce more strict limit on disk usage, to protect production machine from running out of disk space in case the development one goes wild.

^ VMWare

^^ Convert image to monolithic growable disk

This format is supported by other emulators, so it's a best choice.

.pre
dpavlin@llin:/rest/vmware/winxp$ vmware-vdiskmanager -r Windows\ XP\ Professional.vmdk -t 0 /mnt/usb/vmware/win-xp.vmdk
Using log file /tmp/vmware-dpavlin/vdiskmanager.log
Creating a monolithic growable disk '/mnt/usb/vmware/win-xp.vmdk'
Convert: 57% done.

.pre

^^ Resize disk image

.pre
dpavlin@llin:/mnt/usb/vmware$ qemu-img info win-xp.vmdk
(VMDK) image open: flags=0x2 filename=win-xp.vmdk
image: win-xp.vmdk
file format: vmdk
virtual size: 3.0G (3221225472 bytes)
disk size: 3.0G
.pre

There is a way to extend image using only `qemu-img`, but that involves converting image to raw and appending zeros at end to produce larger image. However, we will do that using VMWare's `vmware-vdiskmanager`

.pre
dpavlin@llin:/mnt/usb/vmware$ vmware-vdiskmanager -x 6Gb win-xp.vmdk
Using log file /tmp/vmware-dpavlin/vdiskmanager.log
Grow: 100% done.
The old geometry C/H/S of the disk is: 6241/16/63
The new geometry C/H/S of the disk is: 12483/16/63
Disk expansion completed successfully.

WARNING: If the virtual disk is partitioned, you must use a third-party
utility in the virtual machine to expand the size of the
partitions. For more information, see:
http://www.vmware.com/support/kb/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=1647
.pre

This will make disk unbootable, so we will have to resize partition. Download "GParted"<http://gparted.sourceforge.net/> live CD and resize partition using it...

.pre
kvm -m 512 -hda win-xp.vmdk -no-acpi -std-vga -cdrom /rest/iso/gparted-live-0.3.9-4.iso -boot d
.pre

^^ Convert vmdk to qcow

.pre
dpavlin@llin:/mnt/usb/vmware$ qemu-img convert -O qcow win-xp.vmdk win-xp.qcow
(VMDK) image open: flags=0x2 filename=win-xp.vmdk
dpavlin@llin:/mnt/usb/vmware$ ls -al win-xp.*
-rw-r--r-- 1 dpavlin dpavlin 3190906880 Oct 9 17:41 win-xp.qcow
-rw------- 1 dpavlin dpavlin 3208577024 Oct 9 17:35 win-xp.vmdk
.pre

^ Xen

^ disk speed

this is domU

.pre
root@vega:~# uname -a
Linux vega 2.6.18-6-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Mon Jun 16 23:42:47 UTC 2008 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@vega:~# hdparm -tT /dev/hda1

/dev/hda1:
Timing cached reads: 5488 MB in 2.00 seconds = 2750.74 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 318 MB in 3.00 seconds = 105.98 MB/sec
.pre

^ Guest OS

^^ Windows

* `agp440.sys` "killed my VMWare XP installation!"<http://support.microsoft.com/kb/324764>

* `intelppm.dll` blue screen of death -- http://kvm.qumranet.com/kvmwiki/Windows_ACPI_Workaround

* "Install VBEMP x86 Project Universal VESA/VBE Video Display Driver"<http://www.geocities.com/bearwindows/vbemp.htm> to get different resolutions on virtual machine

Remove them:

.pre
cd c:\windows\system32\drivers
del agp440.sys
del intelppm.dll
.pre

Startup script:

.pre
# 3M RFID 810
usbdev=0403:6001

sudo chown -R $USER /proc/bus/usb/*

kvm -m 512 -hda win-xp.vmdk -no-acpi -std-vga -monitor stdio -usb -usbdevice host:$usbdev
.pre

USB sniffing:

.pre
info usbhost
.pre

^^ Solaris

* http://opensolaris.org/os/project/qemu/QEMUGuests/guest/

It will not boot pass "Loading Nexenta..." stage without `kvm` module loaded.

.pre
# to install from iso image
kvm -m 512 -hda solaris.vmdk -cdrom ../iso/nexenta-core-platform_1.0.1-b85-test4_x86.iso -boot d -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user

# run after installation
kvm -m 512 -hda solaris.vmdk -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user
.pre

^^ Darwin

* http://www.puredarwin.org/

^^ Plan 9

* http://wiki.glugcen.dc.uba.ar/Empezando_con_Plan9
* http://www.oszoo.org/wiki/index.php/Plan9_070107.zip