A20

• Debian image sunxi_ss crypto http://www.cubieforums.com/index.php/topic,1275.0.html
• http://www.armbian.com/cubieboard-2/

NAND in mainline kernel

• http://linux-sunxi.org/Mainline_NAND_Howto
• http://linux-sunxi.org/MTD_Driver

Samsung K9GBG08U0A NAND

• https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/linux-sunxi/PxMmiCe0Deg
• https://www.netdevconf.org/2.1/papers/distributed-switch-architecture.pdf

many bad blocks

http://linux-sunxi.org/Mainline_NAND_Howto#Many_bad_blocks

To fix many bad blocks issue you should:

1. Disable nand-on-flash-bbt in your dts
2. Remove this test: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c?v=4.7#L2940
3. Boot your new kernel and erase chip with flash_erase /dev/mtd[0-X]
4. Re-introduce the bad block check removed in 2, re-enable nand-on-flash-bbt
   and boot the new kernel

Let's try to do this with armbian.

First, enable nand overlay

dpavlin@cubieboard2:~$ cat /boot/armbianEnv.txt
overlays=nand

Then remove nand-om-flash-btt:

dpavlin@cubieboard:/$ cd /boot/dtb-`uname -r`/overlay
dpavlin@cubieboard:/boot/dtb-4.14.23-sunxi/overlay$ 

# backup original
root@cubieboard:/boot/dtb-4.14.23-sunxi/overlay# cp sun4i-a10-nand.dtbo sun4i-a10-nand.dtbo.orig

# remote nand-on-flash-bbt
root@cubieboard:/boot/dtb-4.14.23-sunxi/overlay# dtc -I dtb -O dts sun4i-a10-nand.dtbo | grep -v nand-on-flash-bbt > /tmp/nand.dts
root@cubieboard:/boot/dtb-4.14.23-sunxi/overlay# dtc -I dts -O dtb /tmp/nand.dts > sun4i-a10-nand.dtbo

Compile armbian kernel with this patch applied

dpavlin@armbian:~/build$ cp ./patch/kernel/sunxi-dev/nand-disable-badblock-check-for-migration.patch.disabled \
    ./userpatches/kernel/sunxi-next/nand-disable-badblock-check-for-migration.patch

Reboot and check that nand is available:

dpavlin@cubieboard:~$ dmesg | grep -A 8 MTD
[   13.696198] 6 ofpart partitions found on MTD device 1c03000.nand
[   13.702205] Creating 6 MTD partitions on "1c03000.nand":
[   13.707550] 0x000000a00000-0x0001ffa00000 : "rootfs"
[   13.712517] mtd: partition "rootfs" extends beyond the end of device "1c03000.nand" -- size truncated to 0xff600000
[   13.723693] 0x000001000000-0x000001400000 : "env"
[   13.728713] 0x000000c00000-0x000001000000 : "U-Boot.backup"
[   13.734568] 0x000000800000-0x000000c00000 : "U-Boot"
[   13.739778] 0x000000400000-0x000000800000 : "SPL.backup"
[   13.745368] 0x000000000000-0x000000400000 : "SPL"
[   13.751476] sun4i-mdio 1c0b080.mdio: 1c0b080.mdio supply phy not found, using dummy regulator

Now init nand:

root@cubieboard2:~# mtd_debug info /dev/mtd0
mtd.type = MTD_MLCNANDFLASH
mtd.flags = MTD_CAP_NANDFLASH
mtd.size = 4284481536 (3G)
mtd.erasesize = 2097152 (2M)
mtd.writesize = 8192 (8K)
mtd.oobsize = 640 
regions = 0

root@cubieboard:/home/dpavlin# flash_erase /dev/mtd0 0 0
Erasing 1024 Kibyte @ 600000 --  0 % complete libmtd: error!: MEMERASE64 ioctl failed for eraseblock 6 (mtd0)
        error 5 (Input/output error)
flash_erase: error!: /dev/mtd0: MTD Erase failure
             error 5 (Input/output error)
Erasing 1024 Kibyte @ 700000 --  0 % complete libmtd: error!: MEMERASE64 ioctl failed for eraseblock 7 (mtd0)
        error 5 (Input/output error)
flash_erase: error!: /dev/mtd0: MTD Erase failure
             error 5 (Input/output error)
Erasing 1024 Kibyte @ ff500000 -- 100 % complete 


root@cubieboard:/home/dpavlin# ubiformat /dev/mtd0
ubiformat: mtd0 (mlc-nand), size 4284481536 bytes (4.0 GiB), 4086 eraseblocks of 1048576 bytes (1024.0 KiB), min. I/O size 8192 bytes
libscan: scanning eraseblock 4085 -- 100 % complete  
ubiformat: 4084 eraseblocks are supposedly empty
ubiformat: warning!: 2 of 4086 eraseblocks contain non-UBI data
ubiformat: continue? (y/N) y
ubiformat: warning!: only 0 of 4086 eraseblocks have valid erase counter
ubiformat: erase counter 0 will be used for all eraseblocks
ubiformat: note, arbitrary erase counter value may be specified using -e option
ubiformat: continue? (y/N) y
ubiformat: use erase counter 0 for all eraseblocks
ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 6 --  0 % complete  libmtd: error!: MEMERASE64 ioctl failed for eraseblock 6 (mtd0)
        error 5 (Input/output error)

ubiformat: error!: failed to erase eraseblock 6
           error 5 (Input/output error)
ubiformat: mark it as bad? (y/N) y
ubiformat: marking block 6 bad
ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 7 --  0 % complete  libmtd: error!: MEMERASE64 ioctl failed for eraseblock 7 (mtd0)
        error 5 (Input/output error)

ubiformat: error!: failed to erase eraseblock 7
           error 5 (Input/output error)
ubiformat: mark it as bad? (y/N) y
ubiformat: marking block 7 bad
ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 4085 -- 100 % complete  




ubiattach -p /dev/mtd0

ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -s 2GiB -N root

mount /dev/ubi0_0 /mnt/ -t ubifs

root@cubieboard:~# mount /dev/ubi0_0 /mnt/ -t ubifs
[Wed Feb 28 17:49:38 2018] UBIFS error (pid: 4709): cannot open "/dev/ubi0:root", error -22
[Wed Feb 28 17:49:43 2018] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 4722
[Wed Feb 28 17:49:44 2018] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "root"
[Wed Feb 28 17:49:44 2018] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 1032192 bytes (1008 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 8192 bytes/8192 bytes
[Wed Feb 28 17:49:44 2018] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 2137669632 bytes (2038 MiB, 2071 LEBs), journal size 33030144 bytes (31 MiB, 32 LEBs)
[Wed Feb 28 17:49:44 2018] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB)
[Wed Feb 28 17:49:44 2018] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w5/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID 8E9A30F0-241F-4013-916F-C0B995F22BB1, small LPT model

mount ubifs filesystem

dpavlin@cubieboard:~$ grep ubi /mnt/boot/armbianEnv.txt
rootdev=ubi0:root ubi.mtd=0
rootfstype=ubifs

dpavlin@cubieboard:~$ grep ubi /etc/fstab 
ubi0:root / ubifs defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 1

u-boot

Original u-boot output

HELLO! BOOT0 is starting!
boot0 version : 1.5.1
dram size =1024
Succeed in opening nand flash.
Succeed in reading Boot1 file head.
The size of Boot1 is 0x0003c000.
The file stored in 0X00000000 of block 2 is perfect.
Check is correct.
Ready to disable icache.
Succeed in loading Boot1.
Jump to Boot1.
[       0.133] boot1 version : 1.4.0
[       0.133] pmu type = 3
[       0.134] bat vol = 0
[       0.161] axi:ahb:apb=3:2:2
[       0.161] set dcdc2=1400, clock=1008 successed
[       0.163] key
[       0.175] no key found
[       0.175] flash init start
[       4.051] flash init finish
[       4.052] fs init ok
[       4.053] fattype FAT16
[       4.053] fs mount ok
[       4.060] script finish
[       4.061] power finish
[       4.069] BootMain start
[       4.069] 13
[       4.089] key value = 0
[       4.089] recovery key high 6, low 4
[       4.090] unable to find fastboot_key key_max value
[       4.098] test for multi os boot with display
[       4.100] show pic finish
[       4.103] load kernel start
[       4.127] load kernel successed
[       4.127] start address = 0x4a00000

U-Boot 2011.09-rc1 (Nov 26 2012 - 14:01:52) Allwinner Technology 

CPU:   SUNXI Family
Board: A10-EVB
DRAM:  512 MiB
NAND:  3776 MiB
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
--------fastboot partitions--------
-total partitions:11-
-name-        -start-       -size-      
bootloader  : 1000000       1000000     
env         : 2000000       1000000     
boot        : 3000000       2000000     
system      : 5000000       14000000    
data        : 19000000      20000000    
misc        : 39000000      1000000     
recovery    : 3a000000      2000000     
cache       : 3c000000      8000000     
private     : 44000000      1000000     
sysrecovery : 45000000      14000000    
UDISK       : 59000000      93000000    
-----------------------------------
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
sunxi#

compile

Instructions after this are hit-or-miss...

dpavlin@klin:/klin/u-boot$ cp configs/Cubieboard_defconfig .config

# add NAND, MTD options, A10 for cubieboard1

# compile while defining flash:

dpavlin@klin:/klin/u-boot$ cat build-cubieboard.sh 
# parametars are probably wrong for your chip!
make V=1 CONFIG_NAND_SUNXI_SPL_ECC_STRENGTH=40 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_SIZE=4036 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_OOBSIZE=640 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BLOCK_SIZE=0x100000


dpavlin@cubieboard:~$ scp 10.60.0.92:/klin/u-boot/u-boot*spl* .

dpavlin@cubieboard:~$ sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 seek=8 
488+1 records in
488+1 records out
500154 bytes (500 kB) copied, 0.0423498 s, 11.8 MB/s

pinout

• http://docs.cubieboard.org/cubieboard1_and_cubieboard2_gpio_pin

U14 (Next to SATA connector)

U15 (Between Ethernet port and USB ports)

everything below line is for legacy kernel and quite old

disk speed

NAND

root@cubieboard2:/home/dpavlin# uname -a
Linux cubieboard2 3.4.109-sun7i #4 SMP PREEMPT Sun Oct 11 14:32:15 CEST 2015 armv7l GNU/Linux
root@cubieboard2:/home/dpavlin# hdparm -t /dev/nand

/dev/nand:
 Timing buffered disk reads:  32 MB in  3.22 seconds =   9.94 MB/sec

# this is different, faster sdcard
root@cubieboard2:~# uname -a
Linux cubieboard2 4.3.3-sunxi #3 SMP Mon Dec 28 11:27:16 CET 2015 armv7l GNU/Linux
root@cubieboard2:~# hdparm -tT /dev/mmcblk0

/dev/mmcblk0:
 Timing cached reads:   770 MB in  2.00 seconds = 384.59 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads:  60 MB in  3.05 seconds =  19.67 MB/sec

SATA

Powered by 2A Nexus 7 power supply (for SATA)

https://groups.google.com/d/searchin/cubieboard/sata/cubieboard/hKJgJneGVmQ/xme3w4Y7XtsJ?fromplusone=1

root@debian:~/sunxi-tools# ./bin2fex /boot/script.bin script.fex
fexc-bin: /boot/script.bin: version: 0.1.2
fexc-bin: /boot/script.bin: size: 42144 (76 sections)

root@debian:~/sunxi-tools# cp script.fex script+sata.fex

root@debian:~/sunxi-tools# diff -urw script.fex script+sata.fex 
--- script.fex  2013-05-30 10:41:13.979510762 +0000
+++ script+sata.fex     2013-05-30 10:42:36.380244101 +0000
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@
 
 [sata_para]
 sata_used = 1
-sata_power_en =
+sata_power_en = port:PB08<1><default><default><0>
 
 [mmc0_para]
 sdc_used = 1

root@debian:~/sunxi-tools# ./fex2bin script+sata.fex /boot/script.bin

root@debian:/etc# git diff
diff --git a/modules b/modules
index d8894c3..9e65a80 100644
--- a/modules
+++ b/modules
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 # at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
 # Parameters can be specified after the module name.
 
+sw_ahci_platform

Reboot to activate changes and test speed (using 80G intel SSD to have sense of maximum performance)

root@debian:~# hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

 Model=INTEL SSDSA2M080G2GC, FwRev=2CV102HD, SerialNo=CVPO035101VN080JGN
 Config={ Fixed }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=0
 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=unknown, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=1
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=156301488
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
 PIO modes:  pio0 pio3 pio4 
 DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 
 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 
 AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled
 Drive conforms to: ATA/ATAPI-7 T13 1532D revision 1:  ATA/ATAPI-2,3,4,5,6,7

 * signifies the current active mode

root@debian:~# hdparm -tT /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   784 MB in  2.00 seconds = 392.08 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 460 MB in  3.00 seconds = 153.32 MB/sec

And test with disk:

root@debian:~# hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

 Model=ST96812AS, FwRev=7.24, SerialNo=3PJ1GCKE
 Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs RotSpdTol>.5% }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4
 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=8192kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=off
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=117231408
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:240,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
 PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 
 DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 
 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 *udma5 
 AdvancedPM=yes: unknown setting WriteCache=enabled
 Drive conforms to: Unspecified:  ATA/ATAPI-1,2,3,4,5,6,7

 * signifies the current active mode

root@debian:~# hdparm -tT /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   746 MB in  2.00 seconds = 372.90 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 120 MB in  3.03 seconds =  39.56 MB/sec

GPIO

• https://github.com/gootoomoon/WiringCB-python

Camera

OV7670 is supported http://linux-sunxi.org/CSI

• https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/linux-sunxi/DYWwfUFgVlw/_7A5APHyl7UJ
• https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/cubieboard/SWzC9qvpVL8/9cjQ_CPHQzUJ

hardware

• http://linux-sunxi.org/Cubieboard/ExpansionPorts
• https://linux-sunxi.org/A20/PIO

pinout:

https://www.olimex.com/wiki/How_to_add_pwm

cat /sys/class/pwm-sunxi/pwm0/pin 
PB2

echo 10khz > /sys/class/pwm-sunxi/pwm0/period

echo 25 > /sys/class/pwm-sunxi/pwm0/duty_percent

echo 1 > /sys/class/pwm-sunxi/pwm0/run

LEDs

dpavlin@cubieboard2:~$ grep . /sys/class/leds/*/trigger 
/sys/class/leds/blue:ph21:led2/trigger:none battery-charging-or-full battery-charging battery-full battery-charging-blink-full-solid ac-online usb-online mmc0 timer [heartbeat] backlight cpu0 cpu1 default-on 
/sys/class/leds/green:ph20:led1/trigger:[none] battery-charging-or-full battery-charging battery-full battery-charging-blink-full-solid ac-online usb-online mmc0 timer heartbeat backlight cpu0 cpu1 default-on 

forum

• ov7670 http://www.cubieforums.com/index.php/topic,3823.0.html
• LVDS http://www.cubieforums.com/index.php/topic,3908.0.html

ina219

device tree

• https://github.com/dpavlin/sunxi-DT-overlays/blob/cubieboard2/examples/i2c-ina219.dts

dpavlin@cubieboard2:~$ sensors
ina219-i2c-1-40
Adapter: mv64xxx_i2c adapter
in0:          +0.04 V  
in1:          +4.64 V  
power1:       66.88 W  
curr1:       +13.64 A  

iio_hwmon-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
temp1:        +33.6�C  

root@cubieboard2:~# dmesg | grep ina | tail -1
[ 6597.685287] ina2xx 1-0040: power monitor ina219 (Rshunt = 100 uOhm)

# hum, it should be 10uA, so I changed that in device tree

dpavlin@cubieboard2:~$ dmesg | grep ina219
[   11.594536] ina2xx 1-0040: power monitor ina219 (Rshunt = 10 uOhm)
dpavlin@cubieboard2:~$ sensors
ina219-i2c-1-40
Adapter: mv64xxx_i2c adapter
in0:          +0.02 V  
in1:          +4.75 V  
power1:       85.00 W  
curr1:       +17.97 A  

iio_hwmon-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
temp1:        +32.5�C  

# still wrong current!

user-land C

User-land implementation which works: https://github.com/ZigFisher/Glutinium/blob/master/i2c-telemetry/src/ina219.c

modified a little to provide full timestamp and fflush: ina219.c

dpavlin@cubieboard2:~$ ./ina219 -b 1 -i 1
2017-10-23T12:40:24 4744mV  262.2mA
2017-10-23T12:40:26 4756mV  249.1mA
2017-10-23T12:40:27 4776mV  223.0mA
2017-10-23T12:40:28 4772mV  223.8mA
2017-10-23T12:40:29 4760mV  224.0mA
2017-10-23T12:40:30 4768mV  223.0mA
2017-10-23T12:40:31 4772mV  223.1mA
2017-10-23T12:40:32 4748mV  224.6mA
2017-10-23T12:40:33 4776mV  223.1mA
2017-10-23T12:40:34 4768mV  223.5mA